![]() ![]() They are also extremely reactive and will burst into flame or even explode on contact with water, so chemists store them in oils or inert gases. ![]() Shiny and soft enough to cut with a knife, these metals start with lithium (Li) and end with francium (Fr). Per iodic Table: an interactive table with a biography of Dmitri Mendeleev.Įlectrons and the Periodic Table: a resource on the importance of electron configuration and periodic trends.Įnhanced NMR Periodic Table: another interactive table with clickable elements from Texas A&M University.The periodic table of elements is arranged into several broad groups (Image credit: Future) Groups of the Periodic tableĪlkali metals: The alkali metals make up most of Group 1, the table's first column. Periodic Table of Chemical Elements: an interactive resource for learning about individual elements. Periodic Table: a clickable table with extensive information on each element. As well, moving left to right, electronegativity and electron affinity increase. Moving from the left of the periodic table to the right, atomic radii decreases which causes the ionization energy to increase. Periods also possess similar trends in electronegativity, ionization energy, atomic radii, as well as electron affinity. Likewise, ionization energy and electronegativity decrease due to electron configuration. From the top of the group to the bottom, atomic radii of the elements increase. This also creates likenesses in atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy. Trends within groups are explained by common electron configuration in their valence shells. It is important to remember that trends operate differently when moving vertically and horizontally along the table. Properties of an element can actually be predicted based on its table location. The location of elements on the periodic table is extremely important due to the trends of chemical properties in groups and rows. Other groupings include poor metals, transitional metals, metalloids, and the platinum group. The blocks of the periodic table include the s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block. Blocks are oriented based on this outer shell. Blocks are important as different regions of the periodic table due to the outer shell of elections within the elements’ atoms. For instance, the d-block contains a row of transition metals. Just as groups contain specific trends in similar properties, so do periods. Periods are made up of the horizontal rows of the table. Many groups contain elements with very similar properties and are referred to with special names such as the halogens and alkaline earth metals. Groups are considered to be the most significant form of classification. Groups, also referred to as a families, are the vertical columns located on the periodic table. ![]() The chemical elements classified into groups, periods, and blocks. These groups are classified as inner transitional metals. At the bottom of the periodic table is a two row block of elements that contain the lanthanoids and actinides. Within each element square, information on the element’s symbol, atomic number, atomic mass, electronegativity, electron configuration, and valence numbers can be found. The rows are also organized so that elements with similar properties are found in the same columns. Additionally, elements are placed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of the element’s atom. The metals are on the left and the non-metals on the right. As well, most copies of the periodic table separate the metal and non-metal elements with a dark stair-step line. ![]() Out of all of the elements, 94 are found in nature and the other 24 were synthetically produced with particle accelerators. The current table holds 117 elements in a very distinct order for the purpose of showing similarities and differences in chemical properties. The structure of the periodic table is very significant. Since its original creation, new elements have been discovered and added to Mendeleev’s initial table. He intended to display the patterns apparent in the chemical properties of each element. The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with its creation in 1869, although less extensive tables existed before this. The periodic table, also known as Mendeleev’s table, is a table of the chemical elements existing on Earth. ![]()
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